Intro to Earth Science Terms

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Oceanography

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The study of the physical and biological aspects of the ocean.

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Meteorology

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The science that deals with the phenomena of the atmosphere, especially weather and weather conditions.

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Astronomy

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The study of celestial objects, space, and the universe as a whole.

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Geology

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The science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.

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Scientific Law

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A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the world.

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Scientific Theory

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A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation.

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Hypothesis

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A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, serving as a starting point for further investigation.

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Geosphere

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The solid part of the Earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle.

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Atmosphere

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The envelope of gases surrounding the Earth or another planet.

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Hydrosphere

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All the waters on the Earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the Earth's surface, such as clouds.