Seawater is a solution of water, minerals, and gases. Identify the solvent(s) and solute(s) in seawater.

In seawater, water is the solvent; the minerals and gases are the solutes

Sodium and chlorine chemically combine to form sodium chloride (table salt). Identify the reactant(s) and product(s) in this reaction.

Sodium and chlorine are the reactants; sodium chloride is the product.

Why do lipids not dissolve in water?

Lipids do not dissolve in water because they are nonpolar

Explain how a biblical worldview can help someone to properly use his or her knowledge of chemistry.

People are made in God's image and God's love can be demonstrated in service to others. Chemistry can be used to render such service to others (Ex. through the development and use of medicine).

What is a peptide bond and how is it formed?

A peptide bond is the chemical bond between two amino acids formed when a carboxyl group from one amino acid reacts with the amine group on an adjacent amino acid, forming a water molecule, which is released. This reaction exposes a carbon atom on one amino acid and a nitrogen atom on the other amino acid; the amino acids bind together to form a chemical bond.

List four different forms of energy and give examples of each.

ANY 4 of these: 1. Mechanical (objects in motion) 2. Acoustic (sound of a voice) 3. Light (sunlight) 4. Thermal (warmth from a fire) 5. Chemical (energy stored in food) 6. Electrical 7. Nuclear

Describe in detail what a solution is an how one is formed.

A solution is a uniform mixture consisting of a solvent and one or more solutes. The solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute. When a solute is placed in a solvent, the motion of the solvent particles causes collisions with the solute. The solute particles are separated from each other and are surrounded by solvent particles.

Discuss in detail why water is so important for living things.

The shape of a water molecule results in the molecule having an uneven distribution of electrical charge, making water a polar substance. Water is a very efficient solvent; many different kinds of organic molecules and ions dissolve readily in water. The electrically charged hydrogen atoms on a water molecule have an attraction for both other water molecules (cohesion) and other substances (adhesion). Adhesion in particular plays a critical role in moving water through the stems and leaves of plants.

Describe the basic structure of each of hte four main groups of organic compounds found in living things. Give an example of a compound for each group.

Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They can form rings or hook together to form large polymers such as cellulose. Lipids consist of a three-carbon hub attached to long tails of carbon atoms. These tails may be either saturated (containing only single bonds) or unsaturated (containing double or triple bonds). Lipids include fats and oils. Proteins, such as those that make up muscle, are polymers made from amino acids. These polymers can fold into complex, three-dimensional shapes such as helixes or pleated sheets. Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. RNA and DNA are polymers made from nucleotides.

The Chemistry of Living Things Flashcards

Student preview

29 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is released when a peptide bond forms between two amino acids?

Back

water

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Why is nitrous oxide (N2O) not considered an organic compound?

Back

It does NOT contain carbon

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the attraction of one water molecule for another called?

Back

Cohesion

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

A compound held together by opposite electrical charges is what?

Back

Ionic Compound

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

List 3 reasons why carbon is important for life.

Back

1. Carbon can form up to 4 bonds
2. Carbon can bond with itself
3. Carbon atoms can form chains or rings

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The physical stuff that makes up the universe

Back

matter

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

A substance that produces hydroxide ion in solution

Back

Base

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