Statistical Concepts

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Categorical Data

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Data where the values are groups, such as the breeds of 10 different dogs or the colors of 100 different flowers.

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Non-Statistical Question

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A question that can be answered by a specific response with no variability, like "How high is that building?"

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Numerical Data

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Data where the values are measurements, such as the weights of 10 different dogs.

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Statistical Question

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A question that requires data to answer and expects variability, like "Who is the most popular musical artist at your school?"

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Five-Number Summary

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Consists of the minimum, three quartiles, and the maximum. Example: minimum is 2, quartiles are 4, 4.5, 6.5, and maximum is 9.

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Distribution

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For a data set, it tells how many of each value or category there are.

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Bell-Shaped Distribution

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A distribution where data is clustered near the center with fewer points farther from the center.

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Bimodal Distribution

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A distribution with two very common data values seen as distinct peaks.

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Skewed Distribution

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A distribution where one side has more values farther from the bulk of the data, making the mean not equal to the median.

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Symmetric Distribution

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A distribution with a vertical line of symmetry, where the mean equals the median.