Journal Club

Front

What is a superiority trial?

Back

A type of clinical trial designed to determine whether one treatment is more effective than another.

Front

What p-value indicates statistical significance in a superiority trial with alpha set at 0.05?

Back

A p-value less than 0.05, such as 0.049.

Front

What does an odds ratio (OR) of 4.0 indicate in a study?

Back

The odds of the outcome (e.g., hepatotoxicity) are 4 times higher in the treatment group compared to the control group.

Front

What is intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis?

Back

An analysis method where all participants are included in the groups to which they were randomized, regardless of whether they completed the study.

Front

Which study design provides the highest level of clinical evidence?

Back

Randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Front

What is the purpose of a randomized controlled trial?

Back

To eliminate bias by randomly assigning participants to treatment or control groups.

Front

What does a p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

Back

The probability of observing the data, or something more extreme, if the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What is the null hypothesis in clinical trials?

Back

The hypothesis that there is no effect or difference between the treatments being compared.

Front

What is a case-control study?

Back

A study that compares patients with a disease (cases) to those without the disease (controls) to identify risk factors.

Front

What is a cross-sectional survey?

Back

A study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.