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What is selection bias?

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Selection bias occurs when the sample selected for a survey is not representative of the population intended to be analyzed, leading to skewed results.

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What is response bias?

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Response bias happens when participants provide inaccurate or false answers, often due to the way questions are phrased or social pressures.

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What is measurement bias?

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Measurement bias occurs when the tools or methods used to collect data consistently produce inaccurate results, affecting the validity of the data.

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What is nonresponse bias?

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Nonresponse bias arises when a significant number of selected participants do not respond to the survey, leading to a sample that may not represent the overall population.

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Example of selection bias in surveys?

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Surveying only students in after-school clubs to assess overall school satisfaction, excluding those who do not participate.

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Example of response bias in surveys?

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Asking participants if they smoke with a leading question like 'You don't smoke, do you?' which may pressure them to answer 'No'.

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Example of measurement bias in surveys?

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Using a scale that consistently adds 2 kg to every participant's weight, leading to inaccurate data collection.

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Example of nonresponse bias in surveys?

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Sending out a survey to a large group but only receiving responses from a small, specific demographic, such as only those who are very satisfied.

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How can selection bias be minimized?

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By ensuring that the sample is randomly selected from the entire population, allowing for a more representative sample.

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How can response bias be minimized?

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By using neutral wording in questions and ensuring anonymity to encourage honest responses.