US History Lesson Quiz 10-2

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In the early years of Reconstruction,

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many African Americans were elected to public office in the South.

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A major disadvantage to African American tenants in the sharecropping system was that

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  landowners could demand high crop percentages leaving sharecroppers in debt.

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To increase Southern Democrat power, Southern politicians, called “redeemers,” would often

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terrorize African Americans and Republican voters.

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The presidential election of 1876 ended Reconstruction because President Rutherford B. Hayes

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withdrew all federal troops from the South.

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Reconstruction failed to protect African Americans’ civil rights because the federal government did not

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prohibit Jim Crow laws throughout the South.

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In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) the Supreme Court ruled, in part, that

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 the Fourteenth Amendment did not guarantee social equality for African Americans.

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Describe the Exodusters and the Buffalo Soldiers. Why did they leave the South during and after Reconstruction?

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The Exodusters were formerly enslaved people who moved west, mainly to Kansas, after Reconstruction to begin new lives as settlers. Their name came from the biblical Exodus. Another group, the Buffalo Soldiers—African American men serving in segregated army units—earned their name from the Apache and Cheyenne as a sign of respect and honor. They served in the Indian Wars (1867–1896) and in conflicts abroad, such as in Mexico and Cuba.

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Why did many white Southerners oppose Reconstruction? What were ways they expressed their opposition?

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Many Southern whites opposed Reconstruction because they did not see African Americans as equals and worked to deny them rights. Landowners refused to rent to them, shopkeepers denied credit, and employers offered only undesirable jobs. More violently, groups like the Ku Klux Klan used fear, threats, and killings to intimidate freed people and their supporters. They also destroyed homes, schools, and churches to maintain white control.