SS7H1 Summative Assessment

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How did the Berlin Conference of 1884 cause conflicts in Africa that continue to the modern day?

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The conference ignored existing boundaries when creating colonies, leading to territorial disputes after decolonization.

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What is an apartheid system, such as the one that existed in South Africa from 1948 to 1991?

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a system of laws that enforces racial segregation and discrimination

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In what way did the partitioning of Africa by European nations cause lasting civil and regional conflicts in modern Africa?

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Partitions ignored existing ethnic and political boundaries between African nations.

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What principle motivated the Mau Mau movement and Jomo Kenyatta's push for an independent Kenya?

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nationalism

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What was South Africa like under the apartheid government?

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Racial discrimination was enforced by law.

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What was South Africa like under the apartheid government based on a sign in English and Afrikaans?

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Racial discrimination was enforced by law.

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How did the Berlin Conference cause conflict and hardship throughout Africa?

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The Europeans ignored existing borders, cultural differences, and historical conflicts when they created new boundaries. The borders established at the Berlin Conference were based solely on the interests of the European powers. This led to hostile groups being forced to live in close proximity to one another. After decolonization, when borders reflected those set by the Europeans, civil wars erupted in many countries as groups that were in conflict with each other struggled for control of the newly independent countries.

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Which two countries had the GREATEST number of colonies in Africa in the late 1800s?

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Great Britain and France

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What was one of the primary goals of the Pan-African Movement in the twentieth century?

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to bring an end to colonial rule in Africa

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By the early twenty-first century, the majority of national borders in Africa were determined by

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former colonial claims of European countries.