Introduction to Earth Science and Scientific Method

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What is the scientific method?

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A systematic process used by scientists to investigate phenomena, acquire new knowledge, or correct and integrate previous knowledge. It typically involves making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions.

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What is a dependent variable?

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The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is affected by changes in the independent variable.

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What is an independent variable?

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The variable that is changed or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

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What is the purpose of making observations in science?

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To gather information and data about a phenomenon, which can lead to questions and hypotheses.

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What is a hypothesis?

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A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested through experimentation.

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

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Qualitative data describes characteristics or qualities (e.g., color, texture), while quantitative data involves numerical measurements (e.g., height, weight).

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What is a control group in an experiment?

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A group that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

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What is the significance of replicating experiments?

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Replicating experiments helps to verify results and ensure that findings are reliable and not due to chance.

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What is a scientific theory?

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A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has stood up to repeated testing.

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What is the role of data in scientific research?

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Data provides the evidence needed to support or refute a hypothesis and helps scientists draw conclusions.