Genetics Week 2

Front

What is the role of the kinetochore in cell division?

Back

The kinetochore is a protein structure on the chromosome where spindle fibers attach during cell division, facilitating the movement of chromosomes.

Front

What is the main difference in chromosome structure between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Back

Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes contained within a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotes typically have a single circular chromosome located in the cytoplasm.

Front

What happens to chromosomes during the G2 phase of interphase?

Back

By G2, chromosomes have been replicated and consist of two sister chromatids, making them appear as two linear pieces of DNA.

Front

What is a karyotype and its significance in genetics?

Back

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, used to diagnose genetic disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities.

Front

During which phase of meiosis does Mendel's segregation principle primarily occur?

Back

Segregation occurs primarily during Meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes are separated into different gametes.

Front

Define diploid and haploid cells.

Back

Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes (2n), while haploid cells contain one set (n). Eukaryotic somatic cells are diploid, and gametes are haploid.

Front

What is the function of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Back

Spindle fibers help separate sister chromatids and pull them toward opposite poles of the cell during mitosis.

Front

Explain the significance of the centromere in chromosome structure.

Back

The centromere is the region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined and where the kinetochore forms, playing a crucial role in chromosome movement during cell division.

Front

What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Back

Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA found in the nucleus during interphase, while chromosomes are the condensed form of DNA visible during cell division.

Front

What is the purpose of DNA replication during the S phase of interphase?

Back

DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, maintaining genetic continuity.