A&PI Lecture Exam 1 Review Flashcard

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

What does a low pH indicate?

Back

A low pH indicates a high concentration of hydrogen ions, meaning the solution is acidic.

Front

What is a positive feedback loop?

Back

A positive feedback loop is a process that amplifies a change or output, leading to an even greater change in the same direction.

Front

Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the human body.

Back

Blood clotting after a cut is an example of a positive feedback loop, where the process accelerates until the wound is sealed.

Front

What do the letters 'D' and 'R' in DNA and RNA stand for?

Back

The 'D' in DNA stands for Deoxyribo, and the 'R' in RNA stands for Ribo.

Front

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Back

The primary structure of a protein refers to its amino acid sequence, which determines its function and shape.

Front

What is a polar molecule?

Back

A polar molecule has a distribution of electrical charge that leads to partial positive and negative charges, as seen in water.

Front

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

Back

Water is polar because oxygen pulls electrons more strongly than hydrogen, creating a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom.

Front

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water?

Back

Hydrogen bonds in water contribute to its unique properties, such as high surface tension and the ability to dissolve many substances.

Front

What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Back

A covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, while an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.