6A_2 Cell Cycle: Interphase & Mitosis

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anaphase

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stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other; separase enzyme cleaves cohesins

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aster

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radial arrays of shorter microtubules that extend from the centrosomes

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aster microtubules

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short microtubules which extend from the centrosome to the cell membrane in an animal cell undergoing cell division

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binary fission

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mechanism for cell division in prokaryotes and single-celled eukaryotes; mainly used for bacteria: Circular chromosome is replicated while cell starts to elongate. Cell membrane pinches inward and new cell wall is synthesized.

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cell cycle

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ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that produces two new daughter cells

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cell plate

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the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two

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centriole pair

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rod-like structures constructed of microtubules at the center of each animal cell centrosome

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centrosome

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regions in animal cells that organize the spindle microtubules (contain two centrioles)

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cleavage furrow

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constriction formed by an actin ring during cytokinesis in animal cells that leads to cytoplasmic division

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cohesins

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(D) Proteins that hold sister chromatids together; cleaved by separase enzyme