Contemporary Approaches

Psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, evolutionary, sociocultural

Focus on positive human qualities

Attentive, perception, memory, and problem-solving. Information processing.

Sociocultural Approach

Between ethnic and cultural groups. Cross Cultural

The scientific study of the nervous system

Theory tries to explain things on a broad level, a system of ideas that attempts to explain observations and make predictions about future observations.

An educated guess that derives logically from a theory; a prediction that can be tested; prediction about the relationship between two or more variables and how those variables are related.

Gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and logical reasoning.

Operational Definition

Precise definition that provides an objective description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study.

Repeating a study in a new sample to see if results are the same as in previous work. A direct replication employs the very same methods as the original study. A conceptual replication employs different methods to test the same prediction.

Observation, Interviews/surveys, Case studies.

What they are looking for, who they are observing, where and when the observations will take place, how observations will be made.

Interviews/Surveys (pros and cons)

Pros: Easy to administer to a large group of people. Cons: People are not always self-aware and may not know the truth about themselves, people can be dishonest, people can answer with a socially desirable response.

An in-depth look at a single individual

Correlational Research

How two variables change together

r = 0, e.g., hair length and IQ

Experimental Research

The only type of research that allows us to make cause-and-effect inferences.

Components of Experimental Research

Random Assignment, Experimental Group (receive manipulation), Control Group (do not receive manipulation, acts as a standard)

Double Blind Experiment

Experimenter Bias, Demand Characteristics, Research Participant Bias, Placebo Effect

Laboratory Setting, controlled setting

Natural Setting, naturalistic observation

Midpoint, half above, half below

Distance from lowest to highest score

Colleges and universities have a board that evaluates the ethical nature of research conducted at their institution

Psychology Concepts Flashcards

Student preview

45 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is psychology?

Back

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

John Locke

Back

Scientific Revolution

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Tabula Rosa

Back

Blank Slate

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Empiricism

Back

Idea that knowledge is through experience - systematic

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

William Wundt

Back

First psych lab: 1879

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Structuralism (pain)

Back

The intensity, duration, and sensation of pain

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Functionalism (pain)

Back

How pain functions to communicate that something is wrong, in order to minimize damage to the body

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