Education Flashcards

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Social class

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A way of categorising people in society based on differences in economic resources, occupation, income, education, and power.

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Life chances

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The opportunities each individual has to improve their quality of life, depending on social location and access to resources.

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Meritocratic / Meritocracy

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The notion that success and social rewards are distributed on the basis of individual merit—skills, effort, and talent—rather than by birth or other ascribed status.

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Feminism

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A set of theories and movements concerned with gender inequalities, especially the systemic disadvantage of women.

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Social mobility

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The movement of individuals or groups up or down the social hierarchy, involving changes in socioeconomic status.

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Agency

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The capacity of individuals to act independently, make choices, and exert influence over their own lives.

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Habitus

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Internalised dispositions acquired through social background, shaping how individuals perceive the world and what they consider possible.

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Socio-economic status (SES)

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A combined measure of a person’s economic and social position, typically based on income, educational attainment, and occupation.

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Marxism

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A theoretical framework emphasising the role of economic relations, class conflict, and the organisation of production in shaping society.

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Ethnocentric

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A viewpoint that centres one’s own culture as the standard, often judging other cultures according to those standards.