Parenthetical Citations

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What is a parenthetical citation?

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A parenthetical citation is a reference to a source that is included in parentheses within the text of a paper, indicating where the information was obtained.

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What is the purpose of a parenthetical citation?

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The purpose of a parenthetical citation is to give credit to the original source of information and to allow readers to locate the source in the bibliography or works cited page.

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How should a parenthetical citation be formatted?

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A parenthetical citation should include the author's last name and the page number, formatted as (Author's Last Name Page Number), with no punctuation between them.

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What is the correct placement of a parenthetical citation in a sentence?

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A parenthetical citation should be placed at the end of the sentence, before the final punctuation mark.

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What is the correct way to cite a source with multiple authors?

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For a source with two authors, include both last names in the citation, e.g., (Smith and Jones 45). For three or more authors, use the first author's last name followed by 'et al.', e.g., (Smith et al. 45).

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What should you do if a quote ends with a question mark?

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If a quote ends with a question mark, include the question mark inside the quotation marks, followed by the parenthetical citation.

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What is the rule for using quotation marks with parenthetical citations?

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Quotation marks should be placed around the quoted material, and the parenthetical citation should follow the closing quotation mark.

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How do you correct a missing quotation mark in a citation?

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If a quotation mark is missing, add it before the parenthetical citation to ensure the quote is properly enclosed.

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What is the significance of the period in a parenthetical citation?

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The period should be placed after the parenthetical citation, not before it, to indicate the end of the sentence.

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What does it mean if a citation has two periods?

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Having two periods in a citation is incorrect; there should only be one period at the end of the sentence after the citation.