Acids and Bases

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Acid Noun

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[as-id]

Back

Acid

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A substance that increases the concentration of hydronium ions in an aqueous solution, having a pH value below 7.

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Example: This pH scale shows that acids are substances with a pH value less than 7, such as those from 0 to 6.

Front

Base Noun

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[beys]

Back

Base

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A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution, having a pH value above 7.

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Example: This diagram shows how a base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) splits apart in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-), which makes the water basic.

Front

Hydronium ion Noun

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[hahy-droh-nee-uhm ahy-on]

Back

Hydronium ion

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The cation (H₃O⁺) that forms when a proton bonds to a water molecule, determining a solution's acidity.

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Example: This image shows how a water molecule gains a proton to become a positively charged hydronium ion.

Front

Hydroxide ion Noun

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[hahy-drok-sahyd ahy-on]

Back

Hydroxide ion

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The anion (OH⁻) whose concentration in an aqueous solution determines the measure of its basicity or alkalinity.

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Example: This diagram shows a hydroxide ion, which is made of one oxygen atom (O) and one hydrogen atom (H) bonded together with an overall negative charge.

Front

pH Noun

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[pee-eych]

Back

pH

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A logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, typically ranging from 0 to 14.

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Example: This image shows the pH scale from 0 to 14, which measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is, using common examples for reference.

Front

Indicator Noun

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[in-di-key-ter]

Back

Indicator

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A chemical compound that changes color in response to a change in chemical conditions, such as a solution's pH.

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Example: An indicator, like these pH strips, is a substance that changes color to show the presence of another substance, such as an acid or a base.

Front

Neutralization Noun

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[noo-truh-li-zey-shuhn]

Back

Neutralization

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A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other to form water and a salt.

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Example: This diagram shows that when an acid and a base are mixed, they react to form neutral water and a salt.

Front

Salt Noun

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[sawlt]

Back

Salt

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An ionic compound that results from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base, composed of a cation and anion.

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Example: Salt is a crystal made of positive sodium ions (Na+) and negative chloride ions (Cl-) that attract each other in a repeating 3D pattern.

Front

Corrosive Adjective

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[kuh-roh-siv]

Back

Corrosive

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The property of a substance to cause destruction or irreversible damage to another material, including living tissue, upon contact.

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Example: This symbol shows that a corrosive substance, like a strong acid or base, can chemically damage or destroy materials like metal and living tissue like skin.

Front

Titration Noun

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[tahy-trey-shuhn]

Back

Titration

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A quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of a substance by reacting it with a known solution.

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Example: This diagram shows a titration, where a liquid from the burette (titrant) is slowly added to a liquid in the flask (analyte) to find its concentration.