Africa Storyline Lesson 3 Vocabulary

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

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Genes

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Units of heredity made up of DNA that determine specific traits or characteristics.

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Cytochrome B

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A protein found in the mitochondria involved in the electron transport chain and energy production.

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Central Dogma of Biology

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The process by which the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → Protein.

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Phylogeny

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The evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms.

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Speciation

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The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

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Clade

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A group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics.

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Node

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A point in a phylogenetic tree where a single lineage splits into two or more lineages.

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Root

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The most ancestral branch in a phylogenetic tree, representing the common ancestor of all the entities in the tree.

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Branches

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Lines in a phylogenetic tree that represent evolutionary paths between nodes.