Unit 1 Test - Civics

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A new country is forming its government. Its founders decide that the best way to ensure stability and order is to create a set of established positions like a national police force, a system of courts, and local administrative offices. This decision primarily reflects which basic concept of government adopted by the English colonists?

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Ordered Government

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.1

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Imagine a country where the ruler claims absolute authority because they believe their power comes directly from a god, and therefore, they are not subject to any earthly laws or the will of the people. This describes a government based on the principle of the:

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Divine Right of Kings

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.1

Front

The Declaration of Independence states that people are "endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." This idea, particularly regarding the right to revolt if a government fails to protect these rights, was influenced by the writings of which Enlightenment thinker?

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John Locke

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.7

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A local community decides to hold regular town hall meetings where citizens can directly propose and vote on new laws and policies. This practice most directly embodies which core principle foundational to the U.S. Constitution?

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Popular Sovereignty

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.7

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A government's constitution clearly states that "the legislative department shall never exercise the executive and judicial powers" and similar restrictions for the other branches. This design aims to prevent any single part of the government from becoming too powerful, illustrating the principle of:

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Separation of Powers

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.7

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In a newly formed nation, the executive leader has the authority to reject laws passed by the legislative body, but the legislative body can then overturn that rejection with a supermajority vote. This interaction is an example of the constitutional principle of:

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Checks and Balances

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.7

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A state passes a law that a group of citizens believes violates their constitutional right to free speech. They take their case to court, asking the judicial branch to determine if the new law is permissible under the constitution. The court's power to make this determination is known as:

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Judicial Review

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.7

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The division of authority between a central government and regional governments is characteristic of:

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Federalism

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.7

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After facing heavy taxes and restrictive trade policies imposed by a distant central government, American colonists famously protested "taxation without representation." This grievance was a primary reason for the formation of which colonial assembly in 1765?

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The Stamp Act Congress

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.1

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Following the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, a significant meeting of colonial delegates assumed the role of the new nation's first national government. During its tenure, this body raised armies, borrowed funds, and made treaties with foreign powers. This describes the actions of the:

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Second Continental Congress

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IL.SS.9-12.CV.1