Unit| Neuclic Acid and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

Front

Nucleotides consist of three main components: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (which can be either ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.

Back

Nitrogenous bases are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil

Front

What are the bases classified as purines and pyrimidines?

Back

Purines: adenine, guanine. Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil.

Front

What type of bonds are responsible for holding the two strands of DNA together?

Back

Hydrogen bonds (A–T = 2 bonds, G–C = 3 bonds).

Front

What is an example of RNA and what role does it play in the cell?

Back

mRNA – carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, facilitating protein synthesis.

Front

What are the key enzymes that play a role in the process of DNA replication?

Back

Helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.

Front

What is ATP and why is it important?

Back

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that plays a crucial role in storing and transferring energy within cells.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is structured as a double helix with antiparallel strands and features complementary base pairing, where adenine pairs with thymine (A–T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G–C).

Front

What are the key differences between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA: double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine as a base. RNA: single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is the reason for the difference between continuous and discontinuous replication in DNA synthesis?

Back

DNA polymerase only adds nucleotides in the 5′→3′ direction.

Front

What is the triplet code in genetics?

Back

The triplet code consists of three nucleotide bases (a codon) that together specify a single amino acid in the process of protein synthesis.