Module 4: Cell Biology

Front

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

The nucleus is often referred to as 'the brain of the cell' because it contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Front

What happens to a receptor protein after a ligand binds to it?

Back

The intracellular domain of the receptor protein undergoes a change in shape, initiating the transduction of the signal.

Front

What does the fluid-mosaic model describe?

Back

The fluid-mosaic model describes the structure of the cell membrane, where proteins float in or on the fluid lipid bilayer, allowing for flexibility and movement.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids that have been synthesized in the cell.

Front

What is a ligand in cell signaling?

Back

A ligand is a molecule that binds to a specific receptor, triggering a response in the cell.

Front

Define 'peripheral protein' in the context of cell membranes.

Back

Peripheral proteins are proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer but are loosely attached to the surface of the membrane.

Front

What is the significance of receptor shape change upon ligand binding?

Back

The change in shape of the receptor upon ligand binding is crucial for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways.

Front

What is the difference between a transport protein and a peripheral protein?

Back

Transport proteins span the membrane and facilitate the movement of substances across it, while peripheral proteins are located on the membrane's surface and do not penetrate the lipid bilayer.

Front

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as the detoxification of certain chemicals.

Front

Explain the term 'signal transduction.'

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals, often involving a series of molecular events that lead to a cellular response.