Renal Diseases

Front

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for preventing future UTIs in women? Options: Encourage cranberry juice and douching, Wipe front-to-back after voiding, Increase coffee intake for diuresis, Avoid cotton underwear

Back

Wipe front-to-back after voiding

Front

A 24-year-old female reports burning on urination, urgency, and frequency. Which additional finding would the nurse expect?

Back

Cloudy, foul-smelling urine

Answer explanation

The most likely diagnosis is a lower urinary tract infection. Common findings include:

• Cloudy, foul-smelling urine due to the presence of bacteria and white blood cells.

Front

Which clinical finding most strongly suggests upper UTI (pyelonephritis) rather than lower UTI? Options: Burning on urination, Suprapubic pain, Fever and flank pain, Cloudy urine

Back

Fever and flank pain

Answer explanation

• Fever and flank pain are classic signs of pyelonephritis, indicating kidney involvement.

• These symptoms suggest infection has moved beyond the bladder to the kidneys.

Front

A patient with a history of UTIs was diagnosed with another one. Which medication can you expect to be prescribed to prevent another UTI?

Back

Nitrofurantoin

Answer explanation

Nitrofurantoin is often prescribed as a long-term, low-dose prophylactic antibiotic to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Front

True or False: Phenazopyridine (urinary analgesic) expected side effect is orange urine

Back

True

Front

Which teaching is correct for nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)? Options: Take with milk to reduce GI upset, Stop the drug once symptoms improve, Urine may turn reddish-orange, Increase sun exposure while on this drug

Back

Take with milk to reduce GI upset

Answer explanation

• Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) can cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).

• Taking it with milk or food helps reduce these side effects.

Front

Which statement shows correct understanding? Options: “I should finish all my antibiotics, even if I feel better.”, “I can stop antibiotics once my fever resolves.”, “Drinking less water prevents bacteria growth.”, “I should avoid urinating frequently.”

Back

“I should finish all my antibiotics, even if I feel better.”

Answer explanation

Finishing the full course of antibiotics ensures that all bacteria are eradicated, preventing relapse and antibiotic resistance.

Front

Which pathophysiology best explains acute pyelonephritis? Options: Viral infection causing nephron damage, Bacterial infection ascending from the bladder into the kidneys, Autoimmune reaction against renal tissue,  Ischemia leading to tubular necrosis

Back

Bacterial infection ascending from the bladder into the kidneys

Answer explanation

Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney usually caused by bacteria that ascend from the lower urinary tract up into the kidneys via the ureters.

Front

Which order does the nurse anticipate for a patient with pyelonephritis?

Back

IV antibiotics

Answer explanation

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney that requires prompt treatment with antibiotics.

Front

The nurse plans care for a client who is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. Which description of the pain associated with this condition should the nurse include in the client’s plan of care?

Back

Dull pain in the back and side area that extend towards abdomen

Answer explanation

- Dull, aching, or throbbing

• - Located in the flank

• - May radiate toward the lower abdomen or groin

• - Often unilateral, depending on which kidney is affected