Chapter 8 and 9: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Front

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic, and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional manifestations would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?

Back

An increase in blood pressure and increased respirations

Front

Which client is at risk for the development of a sodium level at 130 mEq/L (130 mmol/L)? Options: The client who is taking diuretics, The client with hyperaldosteronism, The client with Cushing's syndrome, The client who is taking corticosteroids

Back

The client who is taking diuretics

Front

What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia? Options: Muscle twitches, Decreased urinary output, Hyperactive bowel sounds, Increased specific gravity of the urine

Back

Hyperactive bowel sounds

Front

The nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is most likely at risk for a fluid volume deficit? Options: A client with an ileostomy, A client with heart failure, A client on long-term corticosteroid therapy, A client receiving frequent wound irrigations

Back

A client with an ileostomy

Front

The nurse suspects that a client receiving IV diuretics is experiencing a fluid volume deficit. Which assessment finding would the nurse note?

Back

Weight loss and poor skin turgor

Front

On review of the clients' medical records, which client is at risk for fluid volume excess? Options: The client taking diuretics and has tenting of the skin, The client with an ileostomy from a recent abdominal surgery, The client who requires intermittent gastrointestinal suctioning, The client with kidney disease and a 12-year history of diabetes mellitus

Back

The client with kidney disease and a 12-year history of diabetes mellitus

Front

Which client is at risk for the development of a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L)? Options: The client with colitis, The client with Cushing's syndrome, The client who has been overusing laxatives, The client who has sustained a traumatic burn

Back

The client who has sustained a traumatic burn

Front

The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, Paco₂ of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg), and HCO₃^– of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L). The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition?

Back

Respiratory alkalosis, compensated

Front

The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client for manifestations of which disorder that the client is at risk for?

Back

Metabolic alkalosis

Front

A client with a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting presents to the emergency department. The client is hypoventilating and has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute. The electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor displays tachycardia, with a heart rate of 120 beats/minute. Arterial blood gases are drawn and the nurse reviews the results, expecting to note which finding?

Back

An increased pH and an increased HCO3–