chap 11 georg

Front

1. Changes to the physical environment

Back

When natural vegetation is cleared to build roads, animal habitats shrink and their movement is restricted. Animals crossing busy roads risk being killed by vehicles, leading to more roadkill

Front

1. Increased carbon footprint

Back

All transport activities consume some form of energy. All energy sources produce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, contributing to carbon footprint

Carbon emissions →greenhouse gases → heat is trapped in atmosphere → climate change

Front

Transport systems’ impacts on people

Back

(+) : 

Improved mobility for the elderly and persons with disabilities

Silver zones to improve mobility of the elderly

Three key factors for deciding the location : 

1. High proportion of senior residents

2. High accident rates involving senior pedestrians

3. Close proximity to amenities frequented by seniors

Front

Features of silver zones : 

Back

• Gateway marked w bright fluorescent signs and yellow painted road stripes to indicate the start of Silver zone

• Reduced speed limit of 40km/h

• Reduction of lanes at some road sections to shorten the crossing distance and reduce the time taken to cross the roads

• Two-stage crossing that allows senior pedestrians to rest in the middle of a crossing

• Mountable centre dividers that enable emergency vehicles to pass over them when necessary and safe to do so

Front

(-) : 

Traffic congestion, health risks, safety risk

Back

Impacts : 

Traffic congestion 

• Road usage approaches or exceeds in capacity

• Occurs during peak periods, usually for roads leading to CBD

• High traffic volume slow speed → longer travelling times → effects physical and emotional well-being → drivers may become frustrated or have aggressive behaviours → lose concentration → increasing risks of traffic accidents

Health risks 

• Fuel burnt to power transport modes which generates smog (air pollution)

• Respiratory problems : breathing difficulties, asthma, eye irritation, lung infection, higher risk of lung cancer

• traffic noise → disturbed sleep, reduced work performance, provoke annoyance, mental stress, hearing impairment, heart related diseases (noise pollution)

Safety risks 

• Road accidents : 

• Healthcare, insurance, damage to property and life

Front

role of transport systems

Back

• - convenient movement of products/ goods ensures a steady supply of goods from ____to other countries

• - resources are evenly distributed and transport system allow for movement of resources from places with more unique resources eg. ___ to places with less resources

• - trading activities meet the needs of people importing countries -> social benefits - increasing the food security with food product, improving quality of life

• - trading activity help to boost economic development of importing countries eg, steel and machinery are needed for the construction of industrial sectors

• - trading activities generate profits through scale of product for the exporting country, benefiting the economy activities

Front

describe the impact transport system have on people living in cities

Back

(a) a wide variety of transport modes, through land, water and air, offered in cities provide multiple options for city dwellers, allowing them to choose their preferred modes, based on their own affordability and needs, making their travel experience convenient

(b) the provision of age friendly and barrier free transport systems such as ramps normally found in cities enable the elderly and the disabled to move around and access opportunity

(c) transport systems in cities allow movement for people to reside in areas further from the city center in order to save cost rental while still having access to job opportunities in city.

(d) transport system in cities facilitate for people to get from their homes to destinations such as workplaces and schools, to access jobs and earn income and educational opportunities