Who's the Influencer?

Front

Established a free and compulsory public elementary school system.

Back

Americans

Front

Introduced Nippon-go as a subject and discouraged English.

Back

Japanese

Front

Sent the Thomasites in 1901 to teach and train Filipino teachers.

Back

Americans

Front

Used education as propaganda to instill obedience, nationalism, and anti-Western sentiment.

Back

Japanese

Front

Emphasized vocational and manual training such as farming and handicrafts.

Back

Japanese

Front

Founded universities like the University of the Philippines (1908) to train professionals.

Back

Americans

Front

Promoted democratic ideals, discipline, and English literacy in schools.

Back

Americans

Front

Closed or destroyed many schools during wartime, leading to informal community learning.

Back

Japanese