Mutation

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome, which can lead to changes in phenotype.

Front

What are the main types of mutations?

Back

The main types of mutations include substitution, insertion, deletion, inversion, duplication, and translocation.

Front

Define substitution mutation.

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base pair.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide base pairs are removed from a DNA sequence.

Front

Explain inversion mutation.

Back

An inversion mutation occurs when a segment of DNA is reversed end to end within the chromosome.

Front

What is duplication in the context of mutations?

Back

Duplication is a mutation that results in the copying of a segment of DNA, leading to multiple copies of that segment.

Front

Define translocation mutation.

Back

Translocation is a mutation that involves the transfer of a segment of DNA from one location to another within the genome.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

How does a deletion mutation lead to a frameshift?

Back

A deletion mutation removes nucleotides, altering the grouping of codons and changing the entire downstream amino acid sequence.