Mathematics and Physics

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Physics Noun

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[fiz-iks]

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Physics

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The natural science studying matter, its motion through space and time, and the related concepts of energy and force.

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Example: This image shows the force of gravity (F) pulling the Earth and another celestial body toward each other, a fundamental concept in physics.

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Equation Noun

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[i-kwey-zhuhn]

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Equation

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A mathematical statement representing relationships between measurements, used for modeling observations and making predictions in physics.

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Example: This diagram breaks down a simple equation, x + 5 = 10, by labeling its key parts, such as the 'variable' (x) and 'values'.

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Scientific Model Noun

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[sahy-uhn-tif-ik mod-l]

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Scientific Model

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A representation of an idea, object, or system used to describe and explain phenomena that cannot be experienced directly.

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Example: This diagram shows the geocentric model, a historical scientific model that placed Earth at the center of the universe to explain the movement of celestial bodies.

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SI (Système International) Noun

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[sis-tem an-ter-nah-see-o-nal]

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SI (Système International)

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The modern metric system, which is the worldwide standard for scientific and technical measurements, based on seven fundamental units.

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Example: This chart shows the seven base units of the SI (Système International), such as the meter for length and the kilogram for mass, which are the foundation of scientific measurement.

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Base Unit Noun

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[beys yoo-nit]

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Base Unit

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A fundamental unit in a measurement system that is defined independently and from which other units are derived.

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Example: The image displays the seven fundamental SI base units, including the meter for length, kilogram for mass, and second for time, which are foundational measurements.

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Derived Unit Noun

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[dih-rayvd yoo-nit]

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Derived Unit

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A unit of measurement formed by combining the seven SI base units through mathematical operations like multiplication or division.

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Example: A car's speed is measured in kilometers per hour (km/h), a derived unit created by combining a unit of distance (km) with a unit of time (h).

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Meter (m) Noun

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[mee-ter]

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Meter (m)

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The SI base unit of length, defined by the distance light travels in a vacuum in a specific fraction of a second.

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Example: A tape measure is a common tool used in science and everyday life to measure length, with markings often shown in meters (m).

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Kilogram (kg) Noun

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[kil-uh-gram]

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Kilogram (kg)

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The fundamental SI base unit used to measure mass, representing the amount of matter in an object.

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Example: This image uses a balance scale to show that a standard 1 kilogram (kg) mass is heavier than a soccer ball, demonstrating how kilograms are used to measure mass.

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Second (s) Noun

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[sek-uhnd]

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Second (s)

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The fundamental SI base unit of time, defined by the duration of a specific number of radiation periods of an atom.

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Example: This stopwatch icon shows a two-second interval, representing the 'second' as a fundamental unit used to measure time in science.

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Kelvin (K) Noun

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[kel-vin]

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Kelvin (K)

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The SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, where zero Kelvin represents absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature.

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Example: This diagram compares the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales, showing that 0 K is absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature.