Solution Concentration

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Concentration Noun

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[kon-sen-tray-shun]

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Concentration

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A measure of the amount of a solute that is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution.

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Example: This diagram shows that concentration is the amount of a substance (blue dots) in a given space. As the number of dots increases from left to right in the same-sized box, the concentration becomes higher.

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Solute Noun

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[sol-yoot]

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Solute

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The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, typically present in a smaller amount.

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Example: This diagram shows a solute, represented by the white particles, which is the substance that dissolves in the blue liquid, the solvent.

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Solvent Noun

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[sol-vent]

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Solvent

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The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution, typically present in a larger amount.

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Example: The image shows a solution where the solvent (blue particles) is the substance in the larger quantity that has dissolved the solute (pink particles).

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Concentrated Solution Noun

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[kon-sen-tray-ted suh-loo-shun]

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Concentrated Solution

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A solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent or the total solution.

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Example: This image shows that a concentrated solution is created by dissolving a large amount of solute (like salt) into a solvent (like water).

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Dilute Solution Noun

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[di-loot suh-loo-shun]

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Dilute Solution

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A solution that contains a small amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent or the total solution.

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Example: This series of beakers shows that as the amount of solute (purple color) decreases in the solvent, the solution becomes more dilute (lighter color).

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Percent by Mass Noun

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[per-sent by mass]

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Percent by Mass

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A concentration unit defined as the ratio of the mass of the solute to the total mass of the solution.

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Example: This image shows two examples of converting a decimal to a percentage, which is the final step in calculating mass percent, but it does not show where the initial decimal value comes from.

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Percent by Volume Noun

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[per-sent by vol-yoom]

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Percent by Volume

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A concentration unit defined as the ratio of the volume of the solute to the total volume of the solution.

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Example: This image shows the two parts of a solution, the solute (30 mL of ethanol) and the solvent (70 mL of water), to explain percent by volume.

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Molarity Noun

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[moh-lar-i-tee]

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Molarity

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A concentration unit defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of the total solution.

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Example: This image shows that adding more solvent (water) to a solution increases the volume but keeps the amount of solute the same, which decreases its concentration (molarity).

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Molality Noun

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[moh-lal-i-tee]

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Molality

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A concentration unit defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of the solvent.

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Example: This image shows the formula for molality, which is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the kilograms of the solvent.

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Mole Fraction Noun

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[mohl frak-shun]

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Mole Fraction

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A concentration unit defined as the ratio of moles of one component to the total moles of all components.

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Example: This image shows the mathematical formula for mole fraction, which is the ratio of the moles of one component (mol A) to the total moles in a solution.