Front

Lateen Sail

Back

A triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against the wind, improving navigation.

Front

Silkworms

Back

Insects whose cocoons are used to produce silk, a highly prized commodity in ancient trade.

Front

Porcelain

Back

A high-quality ceramic material that was highly valued in trade, especially from China.

Front

Zheng He

Back

A Chinese mariner and explorer who led expeditions to Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Africa during the Ming Dynasty.

Front

Pax Mongolica

Back

A period of peace and stability across the Mongol Empire, facilitating trade and cultural exchange.

Front

Mansa Musa

Back

The emperor of the Mali Empire, known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.

Front

Ilkhanate

Back

A breakaway state of the Mongol Empire, located in Persia.

Front

Stern-Post Rudder

Back

A steering device mounted on the stern of a ship, enhancing maneuverability.

Front

Sogdians

Back

An ancient Iranian people who played a major role in the trade along the Silk Road.

Front

Golden Horde

Back

A Mongol khanate established in the 13th century, covering parts of Russia and Eastern Europe.