Energy

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Energy Noun

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[en-er-jee]

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Energy

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The capacity to do work or to produce heat, which can exist in various forms like potential or kinetic.

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Example: This diagram shows energy transformation, where electrical energy enters a light bulb and is converted into two different forms: light energy and heat energy.

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Potential Energy Noun

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[po-ten-shul en-er-jee]

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Potential Energy

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Stored energy an object possesses due to its position, composition, or the arrangement of its parts.

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Example: This image shows that a spring stores elastic potential energy when it is compressed or stretched, compared to its resting (static) state.

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Kinetic Energy Noun

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[ki-net-ik en-er-jee]

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Kinetic Energy

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The form of energy that an object possesses due to its motion, related to its mass and speed.

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Example: A moving car has kinetic energy because of its mass and speed. The diagram shows these two components and the formula used to calculate it.

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Chemical Potential Energy Noun

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[kem-i-kuhl po-ten-shul en-er-jee]

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Chemical Potential Energy

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Energy stored within the chemical bonds of a substance, determined by the arrangement and type of its atoms.

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Example: Energy is used to combine small molecules into a large molecule, storing that energy in the new chemical bonds as chemical potential energy.

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Law of Conservation of Energy Noun

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[law uv kon-ser-vey-shun uv en-er-jee]

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Law of Conservation of Energy

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The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

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Example: This diagram shows an electric generator. The mechanical energy from rotating the wire coil is transformed into electrical energy, which then becomes light energy.

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First Law of Thermodynamics Noun

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[furst law uv thur-mo-dy-nam-iks]

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First Law of Thermodynamics

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A version of the law of conservation of energy, stating the total energy of an isolated system is constant.

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Example: This diagram shows that when energy, in the form of heat (Q), is added to a gas, it can do work (W) by expanding.

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Heat (q) Noun

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[heet]

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Heat (q)

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Energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one because of a temperature difference between them.

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Example: This diagram shows that heat is energy that flows from a hotter object (red cube) to a colder object (blue cube).

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calorie (cal) Noun

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[kal-uh-ree]

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calorie (cal)

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A unit of energy defined as the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

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Example: This diagram shows a simple calorimeter, a device used to measure energy. Burning food releases heat, which warms the water, demonstrating how a calorie is measured.

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Calorie (nutritional) Noun

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[kal-uh-ree (noo-trish-uh-nl)]

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Calorie (nutritional)

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A unit used in nutrition to measure energy from food, which is equivalent to 1000 calories or one kilocalorie.

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Example: This image shows the recommended percentage of daily calories that should come from the three main nutrient types: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

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joule (J) Noun

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[jool]

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joule (J)

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The standard SI (International System of Units) unit used to measure energy, work, and quantity of heat.

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Example: This image shows a calculation where energy in joules is found by multiplying power in watts by time in seconds (E = P x t).