Unit 4 Vocabulary Heat and Energy Transfer

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Open System

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Closed System

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Energy

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The fundamental capacity of a system to do work or cause change, measured in joules.

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Law of Conservation of Energy

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States that the total energy of a closed system remains constant over time; energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

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Energy Transformation

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The process where energy changes from one form to another, such as from electrical to thermal, or chemical to mechanical.

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Energy Transfer

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The process by which energy moves or is transmitted from one system, object, or location to another.

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Potential Energy

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The energy stored in an object or system due to its position, configuration, or state, often transforming into kinetic energy.

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Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

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Potential energy stored because of an object's mass and distance from the center of the gravitational field.

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Chemical Energy

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Potential energy stored within the bonds of molecules, released (exothermic) or absorbed (endothermic) during chemical reactions.

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Kinetic Energy

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The energy an object possesses due to its motion, dependent on mass and speed.