What is fibrous joints

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue No joint cavity most are immovable depends on length of connective tissue fibers

are rigid, interlocking joints of skull

What does sutures allow for during youth and what do they contain?

allow for growth during youth Contain short connective tissue fibers that allow of expansion

What do sutures do in middle age? What are synostoses

In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse Immovable joints join skull into one unit that protects brain Closed immured sutures referred to as synostoses

What is Gomphoses? In Gomphoses what is the fibrous connection and what does it do

Gomphoses are peg-in-socket joints Only examples are the teeth in alveolar sockets Fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament Holds tooth in socket

Syndesmoses, bones connected by ligaments, band of fibrous tissue.

What does fiber length do in syndesmoses

Fiber length varies, so movement varies Short fibers offer little to no movement Example: inferior tibiofibular joint

What do long fibers offer in syndesmoses

Longer fibers offer a larger amount of movement Example: interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna

What are cartilaginous joints

Bones united by cartilage Like fibrous joints have no cavity not highly movable

What is synchondroses

a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones Almost all are synarthrotic (immovable)

What are examples of synchondroses

◦Temporary epiphyseal plate joints ◦Become synostoses after plate closure ◦Cartilage of 1st rib with manubrium of sternum

Fibrocartilage unites bone in symphysis joint ◦Hyaline cartilage also present as articular cartilage on bony surfaces Symphyses are strong, amphiatrotic (slightly moveable joints)

What are examples of symphyses

Intervertebral joints pubic symphysis

What is synovial joint

Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity All are diarthrotic (freely movable) Include almost all limb joints

What are the characteristics of synovial joint

◦Have six general features ◦Have bursae and tendon sheaths associated with them ◦Stability is influenced by three factors ◦Allow several types of movements ◦Classified into six different types

How many different types of synovial joints are there? What are the categories based on

There are six different types of synovial joints ◦Categories are based on shape of articular surface, as well as movement joint is capable of

What are the six different types of synovial joints

1.Plane - nonaxial 2.Hinge - uniaxial 3.Pivot - uniaxial 4.Condylar - biaxial 5.Saddle - biaxial 6.Ball-and-socket – multiaxial (polyaxial)

What is articular cartilage and what does it prevent

1.Articular cartilage: consists of hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones ◦Prevents crushing of bone ends

What is articular (joint) capsule

1.two layers thick ◦External fibrous layer: dense irregular connective tissue ◦Inner synovial membrane: loose connective tissue that makes synovial fluid

What is synovial fluid

4.viscous, slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid ◦Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage ◦Contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and debris

What are the different types of reinforcing ligaments

Capsular, Extracapsular, Intracapsular

thickened part of fibrous layer

What is intracapsular

deep to capsule; covered by synovial membrane

Nerves and blood vessels

nerves detect pain; monitor joint position and stretch Capillary beds supply filitrate for synovial fluid

What are fatty pads for

◦For cushioning between fibrous layer of capsule and synovial membrane or bone

What are articular disc

◦Fibrocartilage separates articular surfaces to improve “fit” of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear

◦reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together ◦Bags of synovial fluid that act as lubricating “ball bearing” ◦Not strictly part of synovial joints, but closely associated

What are tendon sheaths

elongated bursae wrapped completely around tendons subjected to friction

What three factors determine stability of joints to prevent dislocations

Shape of articular surface, Ligament number and location and muscle tone

Shape of articular surface (minor role)

Shallow surfaces less stable than ball-and-socket

Ligament number and location (limited role)

The more ligaments, the stronger the joint

What does muscle tone do

keeps tendons taut as they cross joints (most important) Extremely important in reinforcing shoulder and knee joints and arches of the foot

Joints A Flashcards

Student preview

46 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What will understanding the nature of joints do?

Back

Understanding the nature of joints will help you treat patients with injuries such as ankle sprains

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are joints also called

Back

articulations; sites where two or more bone meet

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are functions of joint

Back

give skeleton mobility and hold skeleton together

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the two classifications of joint

Back

Structural and Functional

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Structural

Back

three types based on what material binds the joints and whether a cavity is present

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Function classifications

Back

three types based on movement joint allows

Synarthroses

Amphiarthroses

Diarthroses

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Synarthorses

Back

immovable joints

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