Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Gene

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A segment of DNA located on a chromosome that codes for a protein.

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Genome

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The complete set of DNA in an organism.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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A single-stranded nucleic acid, made of RNA, that is a copy of a specific DNA sequence; created by the cell for transferring the genetic information in DNA to a ribosome to make a protein.

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Nucleic acids

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A nucleotide polymer capable of storing and transferring genetic information.

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Nucleotide

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A molecule made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base; the monomer of nucleic acids.

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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A single-stranded nucleic acid that contains uracil instead of thymine; can make tRNA, mRNA, or rRNA.

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Ribose

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A simple sugar which is a component of the RNA nucleotide.

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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A non-coding RNA synthesized in the nucleolus which is a vital component of ribosomes.

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Sequence

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The order of nitrogen bases in a nucleic acid or amino acids in a protein.

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Synthesis

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The process of making something, such as a new molecule or protein by combining parts or elements.