APAH Unit 2.2 Flashcards

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26. Athenian Agora

Form:

-long buildings (stoa)

-covered places- public markets

-at foot of Acropolis, road that leads up

Function:

-marketplace/meeting area

-temple (pay tribute to Athena)

Content:

-participated with government

-democracy- didn't vote representatives but instead participated directly

Context:

-600-150 BCE

-Athens, Greece

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27. Anavysos Kouros

Form:

-marble with remnant of paint

-archaic smile

-Egyptian inspiration shown through the stance of one foot slightly in front of other

-incaustic paint

Content:

-not a specific civilian depicted (not individualized)

-male nude (warrior)

-observing the human body

Function:

-grave marker

Context:

-530 BCE

-large scaled

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28. Peplos Kore from Acropolis

Form:

-archaic smile

-patterned hair

-marble with paint remains

-smaller scale

Content:

-women with arm out (supposed to hold out a oil lamp but hand broken off)

Function:

-in front of temples to "light the way"

-votive figure

Context:

-530 BCE

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29. Sarcophagus of the Spouses

Form:

-terra cotta (sign that this is Etruscan)

-lifesize

-archaic smile, patterned hair

-extending arms

Content:

-husband and wife reclining on a couch dining "dining in banquet for eternity"

-four pieces put together

Function:

-funerary container to hold ashes not the body

Context:

-520 BCE Etruscan

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30. Audience hall (apadana) of Darius of Xerxes

Form:

-hypostyle hall

-cut sandstone and mud brick

-built in a hillside with big platform

-72 columns (3 portico made of 12 columns)

Content:

- relief on the side pictures Darius and Xeres

-stairs have central relief of king enthroned with attendants

-reliefs

Function;

-used to hold thousands of people (audience hall), king's receptions

- ascend upwards symbolic

Context:

- Persepolis, Iran; Persian influence

- 520-465 BCE

-built by Darius and Xeres; destroyed by Alexander the Great

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31. Temple of Minerva and sculpture of Apollo

Form:

-temple: wood, mud brick, tufa (volcanic rock)

-sculpture: terra cotta

-animated and moving sculpture (estruscan)

Content:

-Apollo apart of a narrative of Herakles, acroterion (roof sculpture)

-deep porch, 3 cella (entrance is emphasized)

-archaic Greek smile

Function:

-Estruscan temple made to be a place to worship the Estruscan gods and goddesses

-acroterians probably shows a mythic event

Context:

-Veii (near Rome, Italy)

-Imperial Rome 2nd centry BCE

-sculpture made by Vulca

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32. Tomb of the Triclinium

Form:

-tufa and fresco

-wall paintings

-great detailed piers

-color coding to show genders (not race)

Content:

-pictures people casually dining in triclinium (reclined on couches)

-fully furnished

-lively paintings of people dancing and in motion

Function:

-keep record of domestic life

-holds ashes (crematorium) and any other offerings to the dead

Context:

-Tarquinia, Italy

-Estruscan 480-470 BCE

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33. Niobides Krater

Form:

-calyx krater (type of painted pot)

-stiffness in the figures contrast the other relaxed side of the vase

-sense of depth perception

-red figure technique with white highlight

Content:

-one side: mortal woman named Niobe with 12 children would always brag to the goddess Leto that she had more children so Apollo and Artemis (Leto's children) take revenge for their mother by killing all 12 children

-other side: Hercules (identified with club and lions skins) is actually a sculpture (contraposta) and Greek soldiers are offering tribute and prayer to protect them before going into battle

Context:

-460-450 BCE

-not signed

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34. Doryphoros (spear bearer)

Form:

-marble (Roman); bronze (Greek)

-contrapposto: shifted weight

-not meant to portray a specific person but rather specific characteristics of a Greek

Function:

-portray the physical perfection of a human figure

Content:

-everyone is imperfect but brings together different body proportions to make physical

-missing its spear

-athlete and warrior

-gazes off in the distance

Context:

-Artist= Polykleitos of Argos in 450 BCE

-Roman copy of the Greek original

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35. Acropolis

Form:

-marble (wealth)

-winged figure (nike)

-elevated

Content:

-buildings, temples, statues

-Parthenon (constructed under Pericles):

-doric temple

-East Pediment on parthenon: birth of Athena from the head of Zeus (Helios)

-plaque of ergastines: procession held for Athena every 4 years

-Temple of Athena Nike: commemorate Greek victory over the Persians

-Victory Nike adjusting her sandal

Function:

-hold image of goddess Athen (in cella)

-celebrate the female figure

-civic pride (Athena)

-commercial, civic, religious, and social building

Context:

-Athens, Greece 450-410 BCE