Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift

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Alfred Wegener

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A scientist who proposed the idea of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that continents were once connected as a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart.

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Fossils

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Mineral replacements, preserved remains, or traces of organisms that lived in the past.

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Mid-Ocean Ridge

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An underwater mountain range where new ocean crust forms, and the ocean floor spreads apart.

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Plate Tectonics

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The theory that Earth's outer shell is made of large pieces (plates) that move over the mantle, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains.

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Convergent Boundary Diagram

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This diagram represents a convergent boundary, where tectonic plates collide, leading to the formation of geological features such as mountains, volcanoes, and trenches.

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Divergent Boundary Diagram

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This diagram represents a divergent boundary where tectonic plates move apart, and magma rises to create new crust.

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An image of a fossilized shell.

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This represents preserved remains of an ancient organism.

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Illustration of a glacier

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Visual representation of a glacier, which helps explain how glacial striations are formed.

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Magnetic striping on the ocean floor

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Magnetic striping refers to patterns of magnetic rocks found on the ocean floor. These patterns demonstrate how Earth's magnetic field has changed over time and provide evidence for the process of seafloor spreading.

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Formation of a mid-ocean ridge

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Mid-Ocean Ridge: An underwater mountain range where new ocean crust forms, and the ocean floor spreads apart.