Native American Adaptations and Historical Events

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During the Ice Age, large amounts of Earth's water froze into ice, causing ocean levels to drop and exposing a land bridge between Asia and North America called Beringia.

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Key Idea: When Earth's waters froze into ice, ocean levels dropped, exposing the land bridge known as Beringia.

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The Hohokam lived in the hot, dry Southwest and adapted by building homes partly underground, which kept them cool during the day and warm at night.

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Supporting Detail: Building underground helped to keep Hohokam houses cool during the day and warm at night.

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The Hohokam dug canals to bring water to their crops using simple tools like sticks and stone blades.

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This adaptation allowed the Hohokam to farm successfully in the hot, dry Southwest.

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The Navajo originally hunted and gathered food, but after the Spanish arrived, they learned to herd sheep and cattle and to ride horses.

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The Navajo obtained most of their meat by raising farm animals after the Spanish influence.

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Chief Seattle was respected by both his people and the settlers.

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Chief Seattle played an important role in fostering respect between Native Americans and early European settlers.

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The settlers named their city "Seattle" after Chief Seattle as a sign of respect, showing they thought highly of him.

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Evidence of respect for Chief Seattle: The city of Seattle was named after him.

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Horses were brought to the Americas by Spanish explorers and tamed by the Lakota and other Plains peoples.

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Horses were introduced to the Americas by Spanish explorers and helped Plains peoples hunt buffalo, carry goods, and travel faster.

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Clothing in the Eastern Woodlands was influenced by the environment.

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In the Northeast (cold), people wore warm leggings and furs. In the Southeast (hot), people wore light clothing or went nearly bare-skinned, often with tattoos. Both regions used deerskin for moccasins.

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The word "endeavor" means to try or make an effort.

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Definition of "endeavor": To try or make an effort. Example: "If a nation should endeavor to destroy the Great Peace..." means to try to destroy.

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The Hopi and Navajo had unique customs tied to their beliefs.

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Hopi: Celebrated kachinas believed to bring rain and the growing season. Navajo: Held ceremonies to restore hozho (harmony with Earth).