Psaila Religion/Philosophy Review

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Reincarnation

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The rebirth of the soul into a new body after death; central belief in Hinduism and Buddhism.

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Karma

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The actions of an individual that affect their future lives (good actions = good outcomes in the next life).

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Dharma

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Sacred duties or moral obligations based on caste, stage of life, and role in society (Hinduism).

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Caste System

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Rigid social hierarchy in Hindu society; position determined by birth and karma, cannot change in lifetime.

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Brahman

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The universal soul or supreme being in Hinduism; understood through many gods.

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Siddhartha Gautama

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Founder of Buddhism; known as the Buddha, taught the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.

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Four Noble Truths

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Core Buddhist beliefs: life is suffering; suffering is caused by desire; end desire to end suffering; follow Eightfold Path.

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Eightfold Path

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Buddhist path of practices (right speech, action, meditation, etc.) to achieve Nirvana and end suffering.

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Nirvana

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The ultimate goal in Buddhism—freedom from the cycle of rebirth and union with the universe.

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Polytheism

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Belief in many gods (Hinduism is polytheistic but sees all gods as part of Brahman).