Cardio Exam 2

Front

What is the TIMI score and its significance in cardiac patients?

Back

The TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) score is a risk assessment tool used to evaluate the likelihood of adverse cardiac events in patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A higher score indicates a greater risk of mortality and complications.

Front

What is the role of clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome?

Back

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation. It is commonly used in acute coronary syndrome to prevent thrombus formation and is often administered in conjunction with aspirin.

Front

What are inverted T waves on an EKG indicative of?

Back

Inverted T waves can indicate myocardial ischemia or infarction. They are often seen in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Front

What is the mechanism of action of amiodarone?

Back

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication that works by prolonging the action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue, thereby stabilizing heart rhythm.

Front

What is the first-line treatment for atrial flutter in a hemodynamically stable patient?

Back

In a hemodynamically stable patient with atrial flutter, rate control can be achieved with medications such as diltiazem or beta-blockers, while rhythm control can be attempted with antiarrhythmics like amiodarone.

Front

What is the significance of troponin levels in cardiac patients?

Back

Troponin levels are biomarkers used to diagnose myocardial injury. Elevated troponin levels indicate damage to the heart muscle, often seen in conditions like myocardial infarction.

Front

What is the preferred anticoagulant for VTE prophylaxis in patients with renal impairment?

Back

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is often preferred for VTE prophylaxis in patients with renal impairment due to its predictable pharmacokinetics and ease of monitoring.

Front

What are the common side effects of amlodipine?

Back

Common side effects of amlodipine include peripheral edema, flushing, palpitations, and dizziness. It is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina.

Front

What is the role of alteplase in acute myocardial infarction?

Back

Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to restore blood flow to the heart.

Front

What is the contraindication for using hydrochlorothiazide in patients on dofetilide?

Back

Hydrochlorothiazide can increase the risk of QT prolongation when used with dofetilide, which can lead to serious arrhythmias.