Lesson 5 Study Guide: Prokaryotes

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What is a prokaryotic cell?

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A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. It is typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells, and its genetic material is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane.

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What is transformation in bacteria?

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Transformation is a process by which a bacterium takes up free DNA from its surroundings, allowing it to acquire new genetic traits.

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What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

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Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotes do.

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What role do Lactobacillus bacteria play in food production?

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Lactobacillus bacteria are important in the fermentation of dairy and plant-based products, converting sugars like lactose into lactic acid, which acts as a natural preservative.

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What are biofilms?

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Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are encased in a protective matrix. They can be beneficial (e.g., in wastewater treatment) or harmful (e.g., causing infections).

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What is the significance of the cell wall in prokaryotes?

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The cell wall provides structural support and protection to prokaryotic cells, helping to maintain their shape and prevent lysis in hypotonic environments.

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What is binary fission?

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Binary fission is the asexual reproduction process in prokaryotes where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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What are plasmids?

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Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA found in prokaryotes that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and often carry genes that confer advantageous traits.

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How do prokaryotes obtain energy?

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Prokaryotes can obtain energy through various means, including photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and fermentation, depending on their environment and species.

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What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

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Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are responsible for protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.