Chapter 2 What The Fact Vocabulary

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Implicit bias/unconscious bias

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A bias that occurs without conscious awareness, influencing decisions and judgments.

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Heuristics

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Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making but can lead to errors.

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Confirmation bias

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The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs.

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Assimilation bias

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The tendency to interpret new information in a way that aligns with existing beliefs or schemas.

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Dunning-Kruger effect

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A cognitive bias where people with low ability overestimate their competence, while experts may underestimate their abilities.

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Polarization

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The process by which opinions become more extreme and divided, often due to group dynamics or exposure to biased information.

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Inductive reasoning

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A reasoning process that involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations.

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Deductive reasoning

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A reasoning process that involves drawing specific conclusions from general premises or principles.

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Skepticism

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An attitude of questioning or doubting claims, often requiring evidence before accepting them.

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Stereotypes

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Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group of people, often leading to prejudice or discrimination.