Unit 5 Test

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Preservationist vs Conservationist: what's the difference?

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Conservation and preservation are closely linked. Both terms involve a degree of protection, but how that is protection is carried out is the key difference. Put simply conservation seeks the proper use of nature, while preservation seeks protection of nature from use. The main difference is that preservationists aim to protect areas from human use, keeping them in a pristine, unaltered state, while conservationists focus on the sustainable management and responsible use of resources for long-term availability.

Preservation is a hands-off approach (keep people out of an area to protect it), while conservation is an active management approach (limit and regulate HOW people interact with an area).

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Robber baron vs Captain of industry

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Captains of industry is a positive term for those seen as visionary leaders who built industries, created jobs, and contributed to the nation's economic growth, while robber barons is a negative term for those viewed as ruthless and exploitative for their dishonest and greedy business practices.

Basically, if someone is using their wealth to grow their own wealth at any cost, we think of them as a "robber baron". If they are using their wealth to benefit others (higher wages, charity donations, safer working conditions) we would call them a "captain of industry" during this time (late 1800s-early 1900s).

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First American National Park

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The first American national park was Yellowstone National Park, established by an act of Congress on March 1, 1872. President Ulysses S. Grant signed the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act, which reserved over two million acres of public land in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho as a "public pleasuring-ground" for the benefit and enjoyment of the people

On March 1, 1872, President Ulysses S. Grant signed the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act into law. The world’s first national park was born.

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Progressive Era and "Progressive" meaning

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The Progressive movement was a political and social-reform movement that brought major changes to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During this time, known as the Progressive Era, the movement’s goals involved strengthening the national government and addressing people’s economic, social, and political demands. Progressives saw elements of American society that they wished to reform, especially ending the extreme concentration of wealth among the elite and the enormous economic and political power of big business.

Progressives work for change in a given area; women's suffrage, environmental conservation, and labor laws were main concerns for Progressives during this time.

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

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Approved July 2, 1890, The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first American Federal law to prevent illegal business practices across state lines.

The Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts.

The act was designed to restore competition, but it was loosely worded and failed to define such critical terms as "trust," "combination," "conspiracy," and "monopoly."

The Sherman Antitrust Act initially failed to curb monopolies due to its vague language, weak enforcement by the government, and narrow court interpretations that favored large corporations. Initially, companies were able to exploit loopholes, public opinion was more focused on economic growth than antitrust concerns, and federal resources for enforcement were limited. These factors rendered the act ineffective for decades until stricter enforcement and clearer legal precedents emerged in the early 20th century

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What is the meaning of Exodusters?

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The movement of Exodusters out of the deep south to areas in the midwest such as Kansas in the late 1870s and early 1880s

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Which was the first United States national park established in 1872 in modern-day Wyoming?

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Yellowstone National Park

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Why did the high tariffs on industrial products during the late 1800s have a negative impact on farmers?

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High tariffs on industrial products made farm tools expensive, but a lack of tariffs on crops kept farm products low

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What BEST describes the Spoils System?

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Spoils Systems implies giving governmental positions to politically loyal individuals. Party loyalty is more important than expert knowledge and leadership.

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During the Progressive Era, some politicians were successful in getting initiatives and referendums added in many states. What was the overall effect of this?

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more people became directly involved in government