Cybersecurity Concepts

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Defense in Depth

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Using multiple layers of protection like locks, alarms, and cameras to keep systems safe even if one layer fails.

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Authentication

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Proving you are who you say you are, like logging in with a password or fingerprint.

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Authorization

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Once you're logged in, it's deciding what you're allowed to do like whether you can just view grades or also change them.

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Encryption

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Scrambling information so only people with the right key can read it, like turning a message into secret code.

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Patching

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Fixing holes in software that hackers could sneak through, kind of like repairing a torn fence.

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Updating

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Installing the latest version of software to get new features and better security.

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Access Control

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Setting rules about who can get into what parts of a system, like giving teachers access to gradebooks but not student lockers.

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Accounting

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Keeping track of who did what on a system, like a digital logbook of actions.

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SIEM Systems

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Tools that watch for suspicious activity across a network and alert security teams, like a digital security guard.

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Single Sign-On (SSO)

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Logging in once to access many apps, like using one key to open all your school lockers.