Energy Review

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Energy Noun

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[en-er-jee]

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Energy

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The fundamental capacity or ability to do work, which is the power that causes objects to move or change.

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Example: This diagram shows an electric cell powering a light bulb, illustrating electric energy as the movement of electrons through a closed circuit or conductor.

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Work Noun

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[wurk]

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Work

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The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object, causing its displacement or motion.

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Example: This image shows work being done because a person is applying a force to a box, causing it to move in the same direction.

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Kinetic Energy Noun

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[ki-net-ik en-er-jee]

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Kinetic Energy

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The form of energy that an object possesses by virtue of its motion, dependent on its mass and velocity.

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Example: A moving car has kinetic energy, which is calculated from its mass (how much 'stuff' it's made of) and its speed (how fast it's going).

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Potential Energy Noun

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[po-ten-shul en-er-jee]

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Potential Energy

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Stored energy an object has due to its position, state, or condition, available for conversion into other energy forms.

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Example: A roller coaster cart at the highest point of a track has maximum potential energy (stored energy of position) and zero kinetic energy (energy of motion).

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Gravitational Potential Energy Noun

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[grav-i-tey-shun-ul po-ten-shul en-er-jee]

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Gravitational Potential Energy

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The potential energy an object has due to its position within a gravitational field, typically related to its height.

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Example: This diagram shows that an object's gravitational potential energy depends on its mass (m), its height (h) above a surface, and the force of gravity (g).

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Elastic Potential Energy Noun

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[ih-las-tik po-ten-shul en-er-jee]

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Elastic Potential Energy

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The potential energy stored in an elastic object when it is temporarily deformed by being stretched or compressed.

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Example: Stretching a spring from its resting (static) position stores energy within it; this stored energy is called elastic potential energy.

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Chemical Energy Noun

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[kem-i-kuhl en-er-jee]

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Chemical Energy

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A form of potential energy stored within the bonds of atoms and molecules, released during a chemical reaction.

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Example: This diagram shows a chemical reaction where reactants (methane and oxygen) rearrange their atoms to form new products, releasing the chemical energy stored in their bonds.

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Muscular Energy Noun

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[muhs-kyuh-ler en-er-jee]

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Muscular Energy

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The energy stored in muscles, derived from chemical energy, that is converted into mechanical work for physical activities.

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Example: This diagram shows how muscles produce energy through two processes: aerobic respiration (using oxygen for sustained activity) and anaerobic respiration (without oxygen for short bursts).

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Electrical Energy Noun

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[ih-lek-tri-kuhl en-er-jee]

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Electrical Energy

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A form of energy resulting from the flow of electric charge, specifically the movement of electrons through a conductor.

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Example: A generator converts mechanical energy (rotation of a coil) into electrical energy, which flows through a circuit and lights up a bulb.

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Solar Energy Noun

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[soh-ler en-er-jee]

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Solar Energy

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Radiant energy, including light and heat, that is emitted by the sun and can be harnessed using various technologies.

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Example: This diagram shows energy from the Sun traveling to Earth as radiation, which is the fundamental concept of solar energy.