Density

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Density Noun

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[den-si-tee]

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Density

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The ratio of an object's mass to its volume, representing the amount of matter packed into a given space.

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Example: This image compares two rocks in water to explain density. The pumice stone is less dense than water, so it floats. The obsidian stone is denser, so it sinks.

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Mass Noun

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[mas]

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Mass

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The measure of the amount of matter an object contains, which is constant regardless of its location or gravity.

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Example: This image shows a balance scale comparing a rock and a feather. The scale tips down on the rock's side, showing it has more mass.

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Volume Noun

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[vol-yoom]

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Volume

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The amount of three-dimensional space that a substance or object occupies, often measured in milliliters or cubic centimeters.

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Example: This image shows how to measure the volume of a liquid by reading the level of the liquid in a graduated cylinder, measured in milliliters (mL).

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Matter Noun

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[mat-er]

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Matter

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Any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume, composing all physical objects in the universe.

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Example: This image shows that matter is made of particles. The arrangement of these particles determines the state (solid, liquid, gas) and its density.

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Weight Noun

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[wayt]

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Weight

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The measure of the force of gravity acting on an object's mass, which can change depending on the location.

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Example: This image shows that an object's weight, the force of gravity on it, changes on different planets (Earth vs. Mars), while its mass remains constant.

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Water Displacement Noun

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[waw-ter dis-pleys-muhnt]

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Water Displacement

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A method for measuring the volume of an irregularly shaped object by observing how much fluid it displaces when submerged.

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Example: Placing an object like a rock into a graduated cylinder of water causes the water level to rise, showing the volume of the object.

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Graduated Cylinder Noun

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[graj-oo-ey-tid sil-in-der]

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Graduated Cylinder

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A common piece of laboratory equipment used to precisely measure the volume of a liquid, marked with graduated lines.

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Example: This diagram shows how to accurately measure a liquid's volume in a graduated cylinder by reading the scale at the bottom of the liquid's curved surface (meniscus).

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Meniscus Noun

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[muh-nis-kuhs]

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Meniscus

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The curved upper surface of a liquid in a container, from which accurate volume measurements are taken at its lowest point.

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Example: This image shows the curved surface of a liquid, called a meniscus, in a graduated cylinder. To measure volume accurately, you read the scale at the bottom of the curve.

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Intensive Property Noun

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[in-ten-siv prop-er-tee]

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Intensive Property

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A physical property of a system that does not depend on the amount of material present, such as density or temperature.

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Example: This image shows examples of intensive properties, such as boiling point and temperature, which are physical properties that do not change with the amount of the substance.