Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration Noun

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[sel-yuh-ler res-puh-rey-shuhn]

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Cellular Respiration

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The process within living cells that breaks down sugar molecules, like glucose, to release energy in the form of ATP.

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Example: This diagram shows the process of cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Noun

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[uh-den-uh-seen trahy-fos-feyt]

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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The main energy-carrying molecule used by cells to power essential activities like movement, growth, and cellular division.

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Example: This diagram shows that food, like rice, is used by the mitochondrion in a cell to produce ATP, which is the main source of energy for the cell's activities.

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Mitochondria Noun

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[mahy-tuh-kon-dree-uh]

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Mitochondria

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The organelle within a cell where the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain stages of cellular respiration primarily occur.

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Example: This diagram shows a cross-section of a mitochondrion, labeling key parts like the inner and outer membranes, where cellular respiration occurs to produce energy.

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Aerobic Respiration Noun

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[air-oh-bik res-puh-rey-shuhn]

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Aerobic Respiration

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A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen to proceed, with oxygen acting as the final electron acceptor.

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Example: This diagram shows the chemical reaction for aerobic respiration, where glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and usable energy (ATP).

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Glucose (C6H12O6) Noun

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[gloo-kohs]

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Glucose (C6H12O6)

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A simple sugar molecule that serves as the primary reactant or fuel source for the process of cellular respiration.

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Example: This image shows the ball-and-stick structure of a glucose molecule (C6H12O6), identifying its carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, the basic fuel for cellular respiration.

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Reactants Noun

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[ree-ak-tuhnts]

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Reactants

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The initial substances that are consumed at the beginning of a chemical reaction to be converted into products.

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Example: This image shows the starting molecules in a chemical reaction, called reactants (methane and oxygen), which are on the left side of the arrow.

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Products Noun

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[prod-uhkts]

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Products

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The new substances that are formed as the result of a chemical reaction between the initial reactants.

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Example: This image shows that in a chemical reaction, the substances you start with are reactants, and the new substances formed at the end are the products.

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Glycolysis Noun

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[glahy-kol-uh-sis]

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Glycolysis

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The first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate.

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Example: This diagram shows glycolysis, where one glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, creating a net gain of energy (ATP).

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Pyruvate Noun

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[pahy-roo-veyt]

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Pyruvate

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An organic molecule that is the end product of glycolysis and serves as the starting material for the Krebs cycle.

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Example: This diagram shows a pyruvate molecule being converted into Acetyl CoA, releasing carbon dioxide and creating an energy-carrying molecule (NADH) in the process.

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Krebs Cycle Noun

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[krebz sahy-kuhl]

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Krebs Cycle

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The second stage of cellular respiration, which breaks down pyruvate to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, and electron carriers.

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Example: This diagram shows the Krebs Cycle inside a mitochondrion, taking in molecules like Acetyl CoA and producing energy carriers (NADH, FADH2) and carbon dioxide.