Importance of the year 610 AD in Islamic history

It marks the moment Muhammad received his first revelations, beginning Islam and his role as a prophet

What is the Koran (Quran) considered to be by Muslims?

The holy book of Islam and the literal word of God

What was the significance of Muhammad’s migration to Medina?

It was a turning point in the establishment of the Muslim community and political power

Why did Muhammad return to Mecca in 630 AD?

To peacefully take control and cleanse the Kaaba of idols

What does the practice of Ramadan (Sawm) commemorate?

The first revelations to Muhammad

How do the Five Pillars of Islam help unify Muslims worldwide?

They provide a set of core beliefs and practices that guide spiritual and daily lives, creating a sense of unity and shared identity among Muslims.

Purpose of the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)?

To symbolize equality, devotion, and unity among Muslims

What does the practice of giving alms (Zakat) emphasize in Islamic society?

Social responsibility and economic justice

In early Islamic societies, what was the relationship between religious and political authority?

They were unified under Islamic law

How is Jesus (Isa) viewed in Islam?

As a prophet who performed miracles and preached monotheism

Who were the caliphs in early Islamic history?

Successors to Muhammad who led the Muslim community

Explain how the concept of jihad has played a role in the expansion of Islamic territories and identity.

Jihad refers to both personal spiritual effort and, historically, armed struggle to defend or spread Islam, contributing to the expansion of Islamic territories and identity.

An Islamic state led by a caliph, combining religious and political leadership

What was a major result of the conquest of Egypt and Syria by Muslim armies?

Spread of Islam and establishment of Arab control over key trade and cultural centers

How did the conquest of large portions of the Byzantine Empire affect the region?

It weakened Byzantine influence and shifted power toward emerging Islamic states

What was the significance of Muslim forces conquering North African territories?

It helped spread Islam across the continent and laid the groundwork for future Islamic empires

In 711 AD, what was the outcome of the Muslim armies crossing into Europe?

They defeated the Visigoths in Spain and established Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula

Explain how the spread of Islamic rule into Spain influenced Spanish culture, science, and architecture.

It led to centuries of Muslim influence, introducing new ideas and advancements in culture, science, and architecture.

What was a significant achievement of Umar’s leadership as the second caliph?

Major territorial expansion, including the conquest of Egypt, Syria, and parts of Persia

How did Ali’s assassination in 661 AD impact the Muslim community?

It intensified the Sunni-Shia split in Islam

What major change did Mu’awiya introduce after becoming the governor of Syria and founder of the Umayyad Dynasty?

He established a hereditary monarchy and moved the capital to Damascus

Explain why the Battle in France led by Charles Martel is considered a turning point in European history.

It preserved Christian dominance in Western Europe by halting Muslim expansion.

What was a major change introduced by the Umayyad Dynasty in the Islamic empire?

Shift from elected caliphs to hereditary rule

What did the rise of Damascus as the Umayyad capital symbolize?

The shift from Arabian tribal leadership to a structured imperial system

What was a major cause of factional disputes after Muhammad’s death?

Conflicts over leadership and interpretation of Islam

Who was Hussein, and why is his death significant in Islamic history?

Son of Ali and grandson of Muhammad; his death symbolizes martyrdom and resistance for Shia Muslims

How did the death of Hussein in 680 AD impact the Muslim community?

It deepened the divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims

Explain how the Sunni-Shiite schism originated and why it remains significant today.

It began over the choice of caliph after Muhammad’s death and remains significant due to ongoing differences in beliefs about leadership.

What major shift in Islamic leadership occurred with the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750 AD?

Inclusivity of non-Arab Muslims and a scholarly culture

How did the Abbasids promote unity among Muslims?

By allowing Persians and other non-Arabs to hold positions of power

Explain how the shift in societal values under Abbasid rule reflected a change in the dynasty’s focus.

Society valued education, trade, and administration, showing a focus on governance and culture.

Who founded the Abbasid Dynasty?

Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah founded the Abbasid Dynasty in 750 CE after overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate.

Unit 2-2 Islam and Byzantium Flashcards

Student preview

75 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Who is considered the founder of Islam?

Back

Muhammad

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

In which century was Islam founded?

Back

7th century CE

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the significance of Mecca in Islam?

Back

It is the holiest site in Islam and the birthplace of Muhammad

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Why is Arabia historically significant in the context of Islam?

Back

It was the birthplace of Islam and Muhammad

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What event in 610 AD is considered the beginning of Islam?

Back

Muhammad’s first revelations from the angel Gabriel

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How did Muhammad’s teachings impact Arabia?

Back

They united Arabia under Islam and laid the foundation for a vast Islamic civilization

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Explain how Islam spread beyond Arabia and influenced other regions.

Back

Islam spread rapidly across the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond, shaping cultures, governments, and societies through its teachings.

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