Roberts World History Vocabulary U11

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Theory of Relativity

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Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels.

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Existentialism

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A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.

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Surrealism

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A cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, best known for its visual artworks and writings, aiming to resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality.

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Jazz

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A type of music of black American origin characterized by improvisation, syncopation, and usually a regular or forceful rhythm, emerging at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Coalition government

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A cabinet of a parliamentary government in which multiple political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that coalition.

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Weimar Republic

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An unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933.

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Great Depression

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The worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world.

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New Deal

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A series of programs, including Social Security, enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938.

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Kellogg-Briand Pact

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A 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts.

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Fascism

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An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.