Plant Science-Roots

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Adventitious roots

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Adventitious roots are plant roots that form from any non root tissue and are produced both during normal development and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, excessive soil on the root flair and wounding

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Taproot system

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The taproot system consists of one main root that grows downward with smaller lateral roots branching off. It is typical in dicotyledonous plants like carrots and dandelions.

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Fibrous root system

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Fibrous root systems are made up of many thin, moderately branching roots growing from the stem. This type is common in monocots such as grasses and wheat.

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Root cap

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The root cap is a protective structure at the tip of a plant root that covers the delicate growing area and helps the root penetrate the soil.

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Root hairs

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Root hairs are tiny extensions of root epidermal cells that increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption from the soil.

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Zone of elongation

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The zone of elongation is a region in the root where cells rapidly grow in length, pushing the root tip further into the soil.

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Functions of roots

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Roots anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and minerals, and sometimes store food for the plant.

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Zone of maturation

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The zone of maturation is the region of the root where cells differentiate into specialized types, such as root hair cells, and begin to perform their specific functions.

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Root cortex

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The root cortex is a layer of cells between the epidermis and the vascular tissue that stores food and helps in the transport of water and nutrients.

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Aerial Roots

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roots that grow on the above-ground parts of a plant. Aerial roots on woody vines function as anchors, affixing the plant to supporting structures such as trellises, rocks and walls.