Plants

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Unicellular Adjective

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[yoo-ni-sel-yuh-ler]

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Unicellular

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Describing an organism that consists of only a single cell, which performs all essential life functions.

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Example: This image shows three different types of unicellular organisms, which are living things made of only one cell, like the plant-like Euglena.

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Multicellular Adjective

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[muhl-tee-sel-yuh-ler]

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Multicellular

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Describing an organism composed of many specialized cells that work together to perform various functions.

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Example: This image shows a single-celled organism (Euglena), which is unicellular. A multicellular organism, like a plant, is made of many different cells working together.

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Organelle Noun

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[or-guh-nel]

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Organelle

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A specialized, membrane-bound structure found within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific, vital function.

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Example: This diagram shows the nucleus, a key example of an organelle, which is a specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific job.

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Nucleus Noun

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[noo-klee-uhs]

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Nucleus

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The large organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material and controls all cell activities.

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Example: This diagram shows the main parts of a cell's nucleus, including the nuclear envelope, chromatin (genetic material), and the central nucleolus.

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Cell membrane Noun

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[sel mem-breyn]

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Cell membrane

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The semipermeable boundary surrounding a cell, regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

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Example: This diagram shows the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, with water-loving (hydrophilic) heads facing out and water-fearing (hydrophobic) tails facing in.

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Cell wall Noun

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[sel wawl]

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Cell wall

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A rigid outer layer found in plant, fungi, and bacterial cells that provides structural support and protection.

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Example: This diagram of a plant cell uses a label to point out the cell wall, the rigid outer layer that provides structure and protection.

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Chloroplasts Noun

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[klor-uh-plasts]

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Chloroplasts

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Organelles found in plant and algae cells that are the site of photosynthesis, converting light into energy.

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Example: This diagram shows that chloroplasts are organelles inside plant leaves, and it labels their key parts like the thylakoid, stroma, and membranes.

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Mitochondria Noun

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[my-tuh-kon-dree-uh]

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Mitochondria

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Organelles that generate most of the cell's chemical energy through cellular respiration, powering biochemical reactions.

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Example: This diagram shows a cross-section of a mitochondrion, the powerhouse of the cell, labeling its key structures like the folded inner membrane (cristae).

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Photosynthesis Noun

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[foh-toh-sin-thuh-sis]

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Photosynthesis

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The process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy through cellular reactions.

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Example: A plant uses energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil to create its own food (glucose) and release oxygen.

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Tissue Noun

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[tish-oo]

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Tissue

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A group of similar cells from the same origin that are organized to carry out a specific function.

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Example: This image shows three types of animal muscle tissue (cardiac, smooth, and skeletal) and where they are found in the human body.