LSAT

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The executive’s reasoning does which one of the following? bases a prediction of the intensity of a phenomenon on information about the intensity of that phenomenon’s cause, uses information about the typical frequency of events of a general kind to draw a conclusion about the probability of a particular event of that kind, infers a statistical generalization from claims about a large number of specific instances, uses a case in which direct evidence is available to draw a conclusion about an analogous case in which direct evidence is unavailable, bases a prediction about future events on facts about recent comparable events

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uses a case in which direct evidence is available to draw a conclusion about an analogous case in which direct evidence is unavailable

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Laird and Kim disagree on whether pure research:

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has its most valuable achievements in medical applications

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The reasoning in the political scientist’s argument is flawed because it:

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overlooks the possibility that democracy promotes political freedom without being necessary or sufficient by itself to produce it

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Several critics have claimed that any contemporary poet who writes formal poetry—poetry that is rhymed and metered—is performing a politically conservative act. This is plainly false. Consider Molly Peacock and Marilyn Hacker, two contemporary poets whose poetry is almost exclusively formal and yet who are themselves politically progressive feminists. The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

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No one who is politically progressive is capable of performing a politically conservative act.

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Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument? About two million years ago, lava dammed up a river in western Asia and caused a small lake to form. The lake existed for about half a million years. Bones of an early human ancestor were recently found in the ancient lake-bottom sediments that lie on top of the layer of lava. Therefore, ancestors of modern humans lived in western Asia between two million and one-and-a-half million years ago. Options: There were no other lakes in the immediate area before the lava dammed up the river., The lake contained fish that the human ancestors could have used for food., The lava that lay under the lake-bottom sediments did not contain any human fossil remains., The lake was deep enough that a person could drown in it., The bones were already in the sediments by the time the lake dried up.

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The bones were already in the sediments by the time the lake dried up.

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Which one of the following contains a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that in the argument above?
Most Renaissance painters worked in a single medium, either tempera or oil. Since the Renaissance painting Calypso's Bower is in oil, its painter probably always used oil.
In Italian Renaissance painting, the single most common subject was the Virgin and Child, so the single most common subject in Western art probably is also the Virgin and Child.
Works of art in the Renaissance were mostly commissioned by patrons, so the Renaissance work The Dances of Terpsichore was probably commissioned by a patron.
The anonymous painting St. Sebastian is probably an early Florentine painting since it is in tempera, and most early Florentine paintings were in tempera.
Since late-Renaissance paintings were mostly in oil, the Venetian late-Renaissance painter Arnoldi, whose works are now lost, probably painted in oil.

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The anonymous painting St. Sebastian is probably an early Florentine painting since it is in tempera, and most early Florentine paintings were in tempera.