ESL 154 Test Prep (Competency 8)

Front

Public schools were able to remain segregated.

Back

Plessy v Ferguson

Front

Bilingual education could not be outlawed.

Back

Meyer v Nebraska

Front

Guidelines were established to ensure that English as a Second Language programs were substantive and enabled students to overcome language barriers.

Back

Castañeda v. Pickard

Front

The Supreme Court determined that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional.

Back

Brown v. Board of Education

Front

In ___________, it was determined that the goal of effective English as a Second Language education programs must include both English language proficiency and equitable access to instructional content.

Back

Lau v. Nichols

Front

All children living in the United States, regardless of immigrant status, were entitled to a free, public education.

Back

Plyler v. Doe

Front

In 1964, the ______ established that public schools, which receive federal funds, could not discriminate against English learners: “No person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” The _____ reinforced earlier Supreme Court decisions requiring public schools to provide substantive programs and services to ensure that English learners could fully participate in school.

Back

Civil Rights Act

Front

- was created under Title VII as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 and was the first comprehensive federal intervention that helped to shape the education policy for language minority students. Originally introduced by Texas Senator Ralph Yarborough, the BEA received much support nationwide and passed in 1968 in an effort to secure more resources, trained personnel, and special programs to meet the needs of the growing English learner population. Through the BEA, Yarborough proposed bilingual education to address the perceived English proficiency problem.

Back

Bilingual Education Act

Front

As a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965, _____ 2001 was the main law for K-12 General Education in the United States from 2001 to 2015. _____ affected every public school in the United States. NCLB’s goal was to level the playing field for all students by providing

• Funding flexibility
• Highly qualified teachers
• Research-based instruction

Back

No Child Left Behind

Front

_____ is an amendment and reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 that replaced the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).  The _____ acknowledges the unique needs of English learners (ELs), including the recognition of the following subgroups:

• ELs with disabilities
• Recently arrived ELs (newcomers)
• Long-term ELs (LTELs)

It moves several provisions relevant to English learners such as accountability for performance on the English Language Proficiency assessment from Title III Part A to Title 1 Part A of the ESEA. The _____ amendments from Title I to Title III took effect on July 1, 2017. 

Back

Every Student Succeeds Act