PSYC Chapter 2

Front

Describe the structures of a neuron.

Back

axon, cell body, dendrite, terminal buttons

Front

Define synapse and explain the importance of neurotransmitters.

Back

A synapse is the junction between two neurons, and neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across the synapse.

Front

Briefly describe the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Back

The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, while the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Front

Define the influence of drugs that are agonists and antagonists on neurotransmitters.

Back

Agonists enhance the effect of neurotransmitters, while antagonists inhibit their effects.

Front

What techniques are used to study the brain in modern brain research?

Back

EEG, fMRI, TMS

Front

Describe the role of the hindbrain and midbrain.

Back

The hindbrain controls basic life functions, while the midbrain is involved in vision, hearing, and motor control.

Front

Explain the functions of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala.

Back

The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, the hippocampus is involved in memory formation, and the amygdala processes emotions.

Front

Describe the major functions of the occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes.

Back

Occipital lobe: vision; Parietal lobe: sensory information; Frontal lobe: reasoning and planning; Temporal lobe: auditory processing.

Front

Explain the function of the prefrontal cortex.

Back

The prefrontal cortex is involved in complex behaviors such as decision making, social behavior, and personality.

Front

Define the general purpose of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Back

The sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, while the parasympathetic division promotes 'rest and digest' activities.